Ключевые слова:sendmail, mail, dialup, (найти похожие документы)
Date: Sun, 29 Jul 2001 18:15:50 +0400
From: Vitaly Samoylik <Vitaly.Samoylik@p28.f106.n467.z2.fidonet.org>
Newsgroups: fido7.ru.linux
Subject: Настройка sendmail для использования на dial-up соединениях.
AM> Есть у меня проблема с сабжем, при отправлении с хоста письма,
AM> подставляется адрес user@first.domain1.com, а хотелось бы
AM> user@domain2.com , т.е. другой домен. при этом в /etc/hosts эта машина
AM> описывается как: 123.45.67.89 first first.domain1.com
AM> domain2.com Если поменять алиасы местами то в поле from все как надо,
AM> но письмо возвращается с ошибкой "host domain2 not found", т.e. где-то
AM> теряется .com
AM>
AM> Вопрос: как настроить sendmail чтобы все было нормально?
Вот оно по-моему. Т.е. для диал-апа я так настраивал...
/*─═>/* Здесь начинается Windows Clipboard /*<═─/*
Sendmail and dial-up modem internet
This document is (C)opyright 1999 by Wouter Hanegraaff. He doesn't maintain it
anymore, but gave us the permission to reproduce it here.
Introduction
This document describes how to configure sendmail for users who do not have a
direct internet connection, but use a dial-up account with an ISP to connect to
the internet.
Motivations
I wanted to be able to send and receive e-mail from my linux box at home that
didn't have a permanent connection to the internet.
Problems with sendmail and dial-up accounts include
Mail errors caused by sendmail trying to send messages when no internet
connection is available. Sendmail should only try to send outgoing mail if a
dial-up connection is active. Also, sendmail shouldn't complain if it can't
send
messages for a few hours.
Sending mail can take a long time if the domain you are sending mail to is far
away, or has a bad connection. To resolve this problem, ISP's often offers a
SMTP server. By default, a smart-host is not used by sendmail.
Being unable to send mail because messages are refused because the local
host/domain does not exist. This is typicaly the case when a direct internet
connection is not available.
If the above is not the case, messages will appear to be sent from a machine
that doesn't exist on the internet, or from an e-mail address that is
incorrect.
This is the case when the local username differs from the account name in the
e-mail address. E.g. my username at my local machine is wouter, but my e-mail
starts with hanegraa which is my account at my university's mail system. In
this
case masquerade_as isp.domain.dom won't help, and will result in messages
appearing to be sent by localuser@dialup.domain, which is definitely wrong.
Instructions
The solution to these problems involves configuring sendmail and creating some
additional files which sendmail will use to convert the headers. The following
will work for sendmail 8.8.7 or higher ( I am using sendmail 8.8.7, higher
versions should work also, older versions _may_ work). We must create a config
macro file from which we can create the sendmail.cf file. Change the
/usr/lib/sendmail-cf/cf/yourhost.m4 file (The exact location of the cf
directory
may differ from your configuration) to something like the following:
divert(0)
VERSIONID(`@(#)sendmail.mc 8.8.7 ')
OSTYPE(yourOs)dnl
FEATURE(masquerade_envelope)dnl
FEATURE(genericstable, hash -o /etc/mail/genericstable.db)
GENERICS_DOMAIN(myhost)
GENERICS_DOMAIN(myhost.mysubdomain.mydomain.dom)
GENERICS_DOMAIN(mysubdomain.mydomain.dom)
dnl # Defer Delivery to "expensive" mailers until next time the
dnl # queue is processed using "O HoldExpensive=True" and make
dnl # sure smtp mailers are "expensive".
dnl # (See original "sendmail" book Chapter 30: Options,
dnl # "Oc - Don't connect to expensive mailers", or
dnl # 2nd Edition "sendmail" book Chapter 34.8.29,
dnl # "HoldExpensive (c), Queue for expensive mailers".)
dnl # / Leif Erlingsson
define(`confCON_EXPENSIVE', `True')
define(SMTP_MAILER_FLAGS, e)
define(`confTO_QUEUEWARN', `16h')
define(`SMART_HOST', `mysmtp')
MAILER(local)dnl
MAILER(smtp)dnl
The masquerade_envelope feature tells sendmail to rewrite not only the headers
but also the envelopes. Mailservers on the internet will look at the envelope,
and if it contains erroneous addresses, it will bounce the message.
The genericstable feature causes sendmail to rewrite the from address as
defined in the /etc/mail/genericstable.db file. The GENERICS_DOMAIN lines
define
for which hosts/domains sendmail should rewrite the message headers and
envelopes using the genericstable.
The define(`confTO_QUEUEWARN', `16h') line will tell sendmail not to complain
if it isn't able to send a mail for less than 16 hours. This is useful if you
have your computer automaticly check and receive e-mail once or twice a day.
Normally sendmail starts complaining after 4 hours, which is too soon for me.
The smarthost line configures sendmail to use the smtp server of our internet
provider. This is not necessairy, but it can speed up sending mail because
sendmail will now transfer mail to yous isp's smtp which is usually fast.
The mailer parts make sure mail is only sent when an internet connection is
active. Otherwise, it stays in the mailqueue.
Now, we are ready to create a sendmail.cf file from the yourhost.m4 file. Cd to
sendmai_cf_dir/cf and execute the follolwing command:
m4 ../m4/cf.m4 yourhost.m4 > yourhost.cf
Make a backup of your /etc/sendmail.cf and copy yourhost.cf to
/etc/sendmail.cf.
The last but most important part comes now: create a file
/etc/mail/genericstable . My genericstable file looks like this:
wouter@duckman.sloterdijk.nl hanegraa@wins.uva.nl
wouter@duckman hanegraa@wins.uva.nl
wouter hanegraa@wins.uva.nl
Maybe the first line suffices, but the last lines won't hurt.
makemap hash /etc/mail/genericstable.db < /etc/mail/genericstable
After restarting sendmail, things should work now.
Testing the configuration
We can test if addresses are rewritten correctly by running sendmail in test
mode:
14 wouter@duckman ~/docs 15:14 > sendmail -bt
ADDRESS TEST MODE (ruleset 3 NOT automatically invoked)
Enter <address>
> 3,1,10,4 wouter@duckman.sloterdijk.nl
rewrite: ruleset 3 input: wouter @ duckman . sloterdijk . nl
rewrite: ruleset 96 input: wouter < @ duckman . sloterdijk . nl >
rewrite: ruleset 96 returns: wouter < @ duckman . sloterdijk . nl . >
rewrite: ruleset 3 returns: wouter < @ duckman . sloterdijk . nl . >
rewrite: ruleset 1 input: wouter < @ duckman . sloterdijk . nl . >
rewrite: ruleset 1 returns: wouter < @ duckman . sloterdijk . nl . >
rewrite: ruleset 10 input: wouter < @ duckman . sloterdijk . nl . >
rewrite: ruleset 50 input: wouter < @ duckman . sloterdijk . nl . >
rewrite: ruleset 50 returns: wouter < @ duckman . sloterdijk . nl . >
rewrite: ruleset 94 input: wouter < @ duckman . sloterdijk . nl . >
rewrite: ruleset 93 input: wouter < @ duckman . sloterdijk . nl . >
rewrite: ruleset 3 input: hanegraa @ wins . uva . nl
rewrite: ruleset 96 input: hanegraa < @ wins . uva . nl >
wins.uva.nl: Name server timeout
rewrite: ruleset 96 returns: hanegraa < @ wins . uva . nl >
rewrite: ruleset 3 returns: hanegraa < @ wins . uva . nl >
rewrite: ruleset 93 returns: hanegraa < @ wins . uva . nl >
rewrite: ruleset 94 returns: hanegraa < @ wins . uva . nl >
rewrite: ruleset 10 returns: hanegraa < @ wins . uva . nl >
== Ruleset 10,4 (10) status 75
rewrite: ruleset 4 input: hanegraa < @ wins . uva . nl >
rewrite: ruleset 4 returns: hanegraa @ wins . uva . nl
>
If this works, we're all set! Outgoing mail will be queued but not delivered
(there's usually no internet connection so this is a good thing). So, after
connecting to the internet we have to make sure mail is sent using the command
sendmail -q
copyright 1999: Wouter Hanegraaff
/*─═>/* А здесь, видимо, не начинается Windows Clipboard /*<═─/*
Hа этом буду заканчивать... Bye Artyom!
I'm listening: silence
... Ты умерла в дождливый день, и тени плыли по воде... (c) АРИЯ
