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gpart (8)
  • >> gpart (8) ( FreeBSD man: Команды системного администрирования )
  • gpart (8) ( Linux man: Команды системного администрирования )

  • BSD mandoc
     

    NAME

    
    
    gpart
    
     - control utility for the disk partitioning GEOM class
    
     
    

    SYNOPSIS

    To add support for the disk partitioning GEOM class, place one or more of the following lines in your kernel configuration file:
    options GEOM_PART_APM options GEOM_PART_BSD options GEOM_PART_GPT options GEOM_PART_MBR options GEOM_PART_PC98 options GEOM_PART_VTOC8

    The GEOM_PART_APM option adds support for the Apple Partition Map (APM) found on Apple Macintosh computers. The GEOM_PART_BSD option adds support for the traditional BSD disklabel. The GEOM_PART_GPT option adds support for the GUID Partition Table (GPT) found on Intel Itanium computers and Intel-based Macintosh computers. The GEOM_PART_MBR option adds support for the Master Boot Record (MBR) found on PCs and used on many removable media. The GEOM_PART_PC98 option adds support for the MBR variant as used on NEC PC-98 computers. The GEOM_PART_VTOC8 option adds support for Sun's SMI VTOC8 label as found on UltraSPARC-based computers.

    Usage of the gpart(8) utility:

    add -b start -s size -t type [-i index ] [-l label ] [-f flags ] geom
    bootcode [-b bootcode ] [-p partcode -i index ] [-f flags ] geom
    commit geom
    create -s scheme [-n entries ] [-f flags ] provider
    delete -i index [-f flags ] geom
    destroy [-f flags ] geom
    modify -i index [-l label ] [-t type ] [-f flags ] geom
    set -a attrib -i index [-f flags ] geom
    show [geom ... ]
    undo geom
    unset -a attrib -i index [-f flags ] geom  

    DESCRIPTION

    The utility is used to partition GEOM providers, normally disks. The first argument of which is the action to be taken:

    add
    Add a new partition to the partitioning scheme given by geom The partition begins on the logical block address given by the -b start option. Its size is expressed in logical block numbers and given by the -s size option. The type of the partition is given by the -t type option. Partition types are discussed in the section entitled "Partition Types".

    Addition options include:

    -i index
    The index in the partition table at which the new partition is to be placed. The index determines the name of the device special file used to represent the partition.
    -l label
    The label attached to the partition. This option is only valid when used on partitioning schemes that support partition labels.
    -f flags
    Additional operational flags. See the section entitled "Operational flags" below for a discussion about its use.

    bootcode
    Embed bootstrap code into the partitioning scheme's metadata on the geom (using -b bootcode or write bootstrap code into a partition (using -p partcode and -i index Not all partitioning schemes have embedded bootstrap code, so the -b bootcode option is scheme-specific in nature. For the GPT scheme, embedded bootstrap code is supported. The bootstrap code is embedded in the protective MBR rather than the GPT. The -b bootcode option specifies a file that contains the bootstrap code. The contents and size of the file are determined by the partitioning scheme. For the MBR scheme, it's a 512 byte file of which the first 446 bytes are installed as bootstrap code. The -p partcode option specifies a file that contains the bootstrap code intended to be written to a partition. The partition is specified by the -i index option. The size of the file must be smaller than the size of the partition.

    Addition options include:

    -f flags
    Additional operational flags. See the section entitled "Operational flags" below for a discussion about its use.

    commit
    Commit any pending changes for geom geom All actions are being committed by default and will not result in pending changes. Actions can be modified with the -f flags option so that they are not being committed by default. As such, they become pending. Pending changes are reflected by the geom and the utility, but they are not actually written to disk. The commit action will write any and all pending changes to disk.
    create
    Create a new partitioning scheme on a provider given by provider The -s scheme option determines the scheme to use. The kernel needs to have support for a particular scheme before that scheme can be used to partition a disk.

    Addition options include:

    -n entries
    The number of entries in the partition table. Every partitioning scheme has a minimum and a maximum number of entries and this option allows tables to be created with the number of entries that lies anywhere between the minimum and the maximum. Some schemes have a maximum equal to the minimum and some schemes have a maximum large enough to be considered unlimited. By default, partition tables are created with the minimum number of entries.
    -f flags
    Additional operational flags. See the section entitled "Operational flags" below for a discussion about its use.

    delete
    Delete a partition from geom geom and further identified by the -i index option. The partition cannot be actively used by the kernel.

    Addition options include:

    -f flags
    Additional operational flags. See the section entitled "Operational flags" below for a discussion about its use.

    destroy
    Destroy the partitioning scheme as implemented by geom geom

    Addition options include:

    -f flags
    Additional operational flags. See the section entitled "Operational flags" below for a discussion about its use.

    modify
    Modify a partition from geom geom and further identified by the -i index option. Only the the type and/or label of the partition can be modified. To change the type of a partition, specify the new type with the -t type option. To change the label of a partition, specify the new label with the -l label option. Not all partitioning schemes support labels and it is invalid to try to change a partition label in such cases.

    Addition options include:

    -f flags
    Additional operational flags. See the section entitled "Operational flags" below for a discussion about its use.

    set
    Set the named attribute on the partition entry.

    Addition options include:

    -f flags
    Additional operational flags. See the section entitled "Operational flags" below for a discussion about its use.

    show
    Show the current partition information of the specified geoms or all geoms if none are specified.
    undo
    Revert any pending changes. This action is the opposite of the commit action and can be used to undo any changes that have not been committed.
    unset
    Clear the named attribute on the partition entry.

    Addition options include:

    -f flags
    Additional operational flags. See the section entitled "Operational flags" below for a discussion about its use.

     

    PARTITION TYPES

    The utility uses symbolic names for common partition types to avoid that the user needs to know what the partitioning scheme in question is and what the actual number or identification needs to be used for a particular type. the utility also allows the user to specify scheme-specific partition types for partition types that don't have symbol names. The symbolic names currently understood are:

    efi
    The system partition for computers that use the Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI). In such cases, the GPT partitioning scheme is being used and the actual partition type for the system partition can also be specified as "!c12a7328-f81f-11d2-ba4b-00a0c93ec93ab".
    freebsd
    A FreeBSD partition that uses the BSD disklabel to sub-divide the partition into file systems. This is a legacy partition type and should not be used for the APM or GPT schemes. The scheme-specific types are "!165" for MBR, "!FreeBSD" for APM, and "!516e7cb4-6ecf-11d6-8ff8-00022d09712b" for GPT.
    freebsd-boot
    A FreeBSD partition dedicated to bootstrap code. The scheme-specific type is "!83bd6b9d-7f41-11dc-be0b-001560b84f0f" for GPT.
    freebsd-swap
    A FreeBSD partition dedicated to swap space. The scheme-specific types are "!FreeBSD-swap" for APM, and "!516e7cb5-6ecf-11d6-8ff8-00022d09712b" for GPT.
    freebsd-ufs
    A FreeBSD partition that contains a UFS or UFS2 file system. the scheme-specific types are "!FreeBSD-UFS" for APM, and "!516e7cb6-6ecf-11d6-8ff8-00022d09712b" for GPT.
    freebsd-vinum
    A FreeBSD partition that contains a Vinum volume. The scheme-specific types are "!FreeBSD-Vinum" for APM, and "!516e7cb8-6ecf-11d6-8ff8-00022d09712b" for GPT.
    freebsd-zfs
    A FreeBSD partition that contains a ZFS volume. The scheme-specific types are "!FreeBSD-ZFS" for APM, and "!516e7cba-6ecf-11d6-8ff8-00022d09712b" for GPT.
    mbr
    A partition that is sub-partitioned by a master boot record (MBR). This type is known as "!024dee41-33e7-11d3-9d69-0008c781f39f" by GPT.

     

    OPERATIONAL FLAGS

    Actions other than the commit and undo actions take an optional -f flags option. This option is used to specify action-specific operational flags. By default, the utility defines the 'C' flag so that the action is immediately committed. The user can specify -f x to have the action result in a pending change that can later, with other pending changes, be committed as a single compound change with the commit action or reverted with the undo action.  

    EXIT STATUS

    Exit status is 0 on success, and 1 if the command fails.  

    EXAMPLES

    Create GPT scheme on ad0
    /sbin/gpart create -s GPT ad0
    

    Embed GPT bootstrap code into protective MBR.

    /sbin/gpart bootcode -b /boot/pmbr ad0
    

    Create a dedicated freebsd-boot partition that can boot FreeBSD from a freebsd-ufs partition, and install bootstrap code into it. This partition must be larger than /boot/gptboot or the GPT boot you are planning to write. A size of 15 blocks (7680 bytes) would be sufficient for booting from UFS but lets use 128 blocks (64 KB) here in this example, in order to reserve some space for potential future need (e.g. from a ZFS partition).

    /sbin/gpart add -b 34 -s 128 -t freebsd-boot ad0
    /sbin/gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptboot -i 1 ad0
    

    Create a 512MB-sized freebsd-ufs partition that would contain UFS where the system boot from.

    /sbin/gpart add -b 162 -s 1048576 -t freebsd-ufs ad0
    
     

    SEE ALSO

    geom(4), geom(8),  

    HISTORY

    The utility appeared in Fx 7.0 .  

    AUTHORS

    An Marcel Moolenaar Aq marcel@FreeBSD.org


     

    Index

    NAME
    SYNOPSIS
    DESCRIPTION
    PARTITION TYPES
    OPERATIONAL FLAGS
    EXIT STATUS
    EXAMPLES
    SEE ALSO
    HISTORY
    AUTHORS


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